The flower does not seem to emit noticeable scent. Older leaves may be cooked in several waters to eliminate their bitterness. Betula nigra, River Birch; Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam; Corylus americana - Hazelnut; Boraginaceae. Lactuca biennis with unopened inflorescences Lactuca biennis-a close-up of the opening inflorescences Concentrations of lactucari… Distinguishing Features Panicles of pale yellow flowerheads are produced from the central stem and upper side stems making this plant easy to identify. north-east United States (zones 4-7), but do grow elsewhere. Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Maine native Wild lettuce is an edible green for early season salads and cooked greens. In-depth wild edible PDFs. See the Tan Colored Sap from the Lactuca canadensis. Noteworthy Characteristics. Found insideLactuca hirsuta and Lactuca canadensis are very similar, differing slightly in ... Leaves of all species of wild lettuce are edible when young and tender. Cooked and eaten as greens. Stem is glabrous and often glaucous, with light or reddish green color. Leaves are alternate mostly with deep pinnate lobes, however, small leaves have shallow lobes or none at all. Leaf surface color ranges from shiny to dull in light to dark green pigments that sometimes may appear in purple or yellow shear cast. 3. The inflorescences are edible as well." But it is quite bitter and therefore less palatable. Leaves lobed, often sharply so, ending in a lance-shaped point. This book continues as volume 2 of a multi-compendium on Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Lactuca biennis Lactuca canadensis Lactuca serriola; Common Name: tall blue lettuce: wild lettuce: prickly lettuce: Plant: Tall blue lettuce grows up to 6' (1.8 m) high. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. A survivalist publication, The Lost Ways, states that its fresh leaves may be used to create a solution that may act as an analgesic and may be stored for later use. The plant blooms from July until well into autumn. The heads have many pale yellow ray florets, but no disc florets. Hori Hori Knife And Trowel. These are Lactuca serriola (aka prickly lettuce), Lactuca canadensis, and Lactuca floridana. "This practical guide to plant foraging provides readers with the tools to safely identify, harvest, and prepare wild edible plants and enjoy the health and economic benefits of eating wild"-- Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It is up to the reader to verify nutritional information and health benefits with qualified professionals for all edible plants listed in this web site. Its a great wild edible to forage that allows us an insight into the mindset of our ancestors who prized wild lettuce as a valuable crop. Despite what some people have purported on the interwebs, it does not contain opium.  I’ve never partaken, but it is reported that the effects are mild, and do not have many of the negative side effects of the poppy milk (opium) relative.  I find it ironic that I found the plants pictured in this article in the overgrown flower beds of a pharmacy.  Picking Opium Lettuce in a pharmacy parking lot…Guess Mama didn’t raise me right! WILD EDIBLE FORGING PACK. [5][6], Generally, Lactuca canadensis is a biennial herb in the daisy family growing from a taproot to maximum heights of 50–200 cm (19.5–78.5 in) or more. Wild Lettuce looks like a cross between Bull Thistle, and Dandelion, with it’s thistle like stalk, and its dandelion looking leaves.  This is one of the few plants that contain white sap that are considered edible including Sow Thistle (Sonchus), Figs, and Wild Lettuce. [8][10], It grows in moist to dry habitats in a variety of soil types, include black soil, clay, and gravel prairies. Found inside – Page 11We have a wild lettuce - the The carrot is used in cookery - but it is af . lactuca canadensis , but this does not ... This family young flower heads are fleshy , and edible when embraces the tobacco , many medicinal plants cooked . Description. A plant may have buds, flowers, and achenes simultaneously. Edible parts of some nominally “edible” plants require special preparation to be edible. Written by Hannah Sweet. Prickles are generally absent from upper stem leaves, which are small, lance shaped, and lack lobes. Found inside – Page 311Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods in Texas Stacy M. Coplin ... 226 Lactuca canadensis, 220 Lactuca floridana, 220 Lactuca graminifolia, ... How to eat them:  The younger, and more tender leaves can be boiled to remove the bitter flavor from the milky lactucarium, and eaten.  As with any wild plant, after laboriously identifying this plant from multiple sources, I would only consume a very small amount, and wait 24 hours to verify no ill effects on the body.  In addition, I wouldn’t consume large amounts of this plant.  Rather, I would mix this herb in with a variety of other known species plants. It did not take long before it made its way throughout most of Canada and over much of the U.S. The young leaves can be cooked in one change of water to remove the bitter milk (Medsger 1966). Young shoots can be cooked and used as an asparagus substitute. And while Lactuca canadensis (with yellow flowers) is also common, I wanted to use just one species to help judge its effectiveness. Found inside – Page 440Katniss, 88 Kau-sun, 101 Kelp, Edible, 406, 407 Kentucky Coffee-tree, 6, 22, ... 390 Lactuca, 374 Lady's-smock, 18, 221 Lamb's Lettuce, 352; Quarters, 177, ... It is used as a medicinal herb when dried after contact with air. It may be used as medicinal treatments for its anodyne, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic, hypnotic, narcotic, and sedative properties. Leaves are alternate mostly with deep pinnate lobes, however, small leaves have shallow lobes or none at all. Leaves located on the lower part of the stem may be deeply or irregularly lobed. Wild Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis) – Wild Edible Plants Dandelion (Taraxacum) – Wild Edible Plants The leaves on this plant are “toothed” similarly to another popular wild edible plant, Dandelion (Taraxacum) – Wild Edible Plants , but the Sow Thistle has small pokey things on … Young leaves and stems may be edible and cooked and eaten as greens. **Video** Longtail Mud Motor Project – Predator 212cc Performance Mods Install, Sow Thistle (Sonchus oleraceus) – Wild Edible Plants – Greatoutdoordinary. Lactuca canadensis on Plants for a Future, a resource and information centre for edible and otherwise useful plants It is a relaxing and sedative herb that is used to induce sleepiness, and to calm restlessness and anxiety. The plant exudes a … This ain’t your grandmammy’s salad lettuce. Size varies depending on growing conditions, it may resemble a weed. ( Log Out /  ... "laitue," is French for lettuce and refers to the fact that it has milky sap and is edible like lettuce (Holmes 1990). Hollow stems. The latter is a reference to this plant’s ability to produce a milky substance from a broken stem, leaf or root which has many of the same effects on the body as a weak dose of opium. [8], CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, leaves are deeply lobed and occasionally toothed, Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map, "Lactuca canadensis (Canada Lettuce) - Practical Plants", "medicinal herbs: CANADA LETTUCE - Lactuca canadensis", Tinctura Lactucarii (U. S. P.)—Tincture of Lactucarium, CalPhotos photo gallery, University of California, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lactuca_canadensis&oldid=1013625128, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 March 2021, at 16:45. This is your one stop to find out everything you need to know to identify wild edibles, how to use them, and links to videos and supplies. Species of wild lettuce fall into one of two large groups; those with yellow flowerheads versus those with light blue flowerheads. Prickly lettuce grows along roads, railroads, sidewalks, vacant lots, waste areas, pastures, orchards, and cultivated fields. Prickly Wild Lettuce Seeds (Lactuca serriola) 25+ Seeds in Frozen Seed Capsules™ for Seed Saving or Planting Now. Lactuca canadensis. It is used as a medicinal herb when dried after contact with air. A fascinating genus of plants, even today wild lettuce are greatly valued by many people as plant which can be turned to for its medicinal value. Source(s): Haines, A., Farnsworth, E., Morrison, G., & New England Wild Flower Society. Leaf surface color ranges from shiny to dull in light to dark green pigments that sometimes may appear in purple or yellow shear cast. Found inside – Page 460... vegetation , and especially the trees and plants that are wild lettuce ( Lactuca canadensis ) , young sprigs and ... apd the tender edible wild plants that grow only in the Southern or which seems to have become almost a lost art . Wild food can help treat various medical conditions. Young leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. [13][9], Grazing by deer in the Cedar Creek Natural History Area in Minnesota has affected the height and vertical growth of Lactuca canadensis, which is not able to compensate and replenish itself from the damage resulting from the deer grazing. Opened flower heads are less than 1cm (1/2”) wide and consist of 5 to 12 yellow ray flowers. The young tender leaves are mild and make an excellent salad, but the whole plant becomes bitter as it gets older, especially when it flowers. Usually found in disturbed areas throughout Louisiana and … Found inside – Page 88Lactuca hirsuta and Lactuca canadensis are very similar, differing slightly in ... Leaves of all species of wild lettuce are edible when young and tender. Found inside – Page iiThis book is the result of collaboration between botanists and food chemists, with the purpose of improving the knowledge of the main wild species of traditional use as foods in the Mediterranean area, focus on ethnobotanical aspects, ... Tags: Blue Lettuce, Canada Lettuce, canadensis, edible, greens, identification, Lactuca, lactucarium, leaves, lettuce, Lettuce Opium, Louisiana Edible, Louisiana wild edible, milk, milky, Opium Lettuce, stalk, wild, wild edible, wild lettuce, Yellow Lettuce. Wild lettuce grows In many different regions of the world. Found inside – Page 321... 18 , 220 Juniper , Ground , 168 Juniperus communis var . depressa , 168 canadensis , 86 floridana , 144 hirsuta ... 4 Lactuca , 86 , 144 Lily ( contd . ) ... Leave comments on Lactuca canadensis at this link. Moist open places. It becomes multi-branched at the top, where numerous, small (less than a half-inch across) flower heads occur. Change ). Tall smooth blue-green stalks and leaves are tender without bitterness. Lactuca canadensis is a generally biennial herb in the daisy family growing from a taproot to maximum heights of 50–200 cm (19.5–78.5 in) or more. Highlights. Found inside – Page 341... 291 Lacewings (Chrysopidae family), as beneficial predators, 246 plants to attract, 252 Lactuca canadensis. See Lettuce, wild Lactuca ... All wild lettuce species have this quality, but it has been bred out of lactuca sativa over hundreds of years of cultivation. Large quantities are known to cause digestive upsets. Click. Prickly lettuce is an erect biennial (rarely an annual) that is in the Asteraceae family. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects. elongata, and even that lettuce-opium obtained from Lactuca serriola or Lactuca quercina was of superior quality. Found inside – Page 335They assume an appearance opposite to edible lettuce, looking unkempt and uncultivated. Lactuca scariola particularly likes to hang around in the cracks in ... Lactuca canadensis is a BIENNIAL growing to 3 m (9ft 10in). It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. Found inside – Page 11We have a wild lettuce - the The carrot is used in cookery — but it is af . lactuca canadensis , but this does not ... This family young flower heads are fleshy , and edible when embraces the tobacco , many medicinal plants cooked . The milky was used topically to treat warts and poison ivy. It is intermediate between the parental taxa or sometimes combines characteristics. Young leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. The Cajun name for this plant, "laitue," is French for lettuce and refers to the fact that it has milky sap and is edible like lettuce (Holmes 1990). From beach peas to serviceberries, hen of the woods to Indian cucumber, ostrich ferns to sea rocket, this guide uncovers the edible wild foods and healthful herbs of New York. Germination is usually fairly quick. Lactuca canadensis is a biennial plant growing from a taproot. The genus contains at least 50 species worldwide. Also, it is suspected that the high levels in nitrates in Lactuca Spp are responsible for kidney failure in young ducks. Most similar is Wild Lettuce ( Lactuca canadensis ), which is distinguished by its typically yellow flowers, white hairs on the seeds, leaves that are often clasping and that have hairs only on the midrib. Foraging the Ozarks, written by local wilderness expert Bo Brown, highlights about a hundred commonly found edibles in the Interior Highlands, from ubiquitous herbs to endemic species. Color is typically yellow but may be tinged red or orange. The prickles on the leaves are somewhat soft and incapable of cutting skin. The sap from Wild Lettuce contains lactucarium, and has been known by pharmacology and the herbalist community for many moons for its pain killing, and sedative properties common to opium.  The milk-like substance is actually a form of latex, and it’s what gives the plant part of it’s scientific name.  The Lac in Lactuca is a derivative of the word for “milk,” and canadensis means Canada, which is where it was probably first identified by the nerd who named it. Propagation of the herb: Seed - sow spring in situ and only just cover the seed. Click, All listed plants are found in central-east Canada and Before we start to use it, we need to be able to positively identify it. Basal leaves are larger than stem leaves. Geographic subdivisions for Lactuca canadensis: KR, n SN : MAP CONTROLS 1. They are ovoid; slightly flattened, but curved in shape. Found inside – Page 276... for its crisp edible leaves : grown for salad in Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands , and widely cultivated in temperate and tropical regions . Native of the Old World . LETTUCE . LECHUGA . Lactuca canadensis L. , of təmperate North ... The alternate leaves are light green to dark green, sometimes with purple edges or a yellowish cast. Lactuca canadensis can be found in woodlands, thickets, savannas, borders of lakes and rivers, limestone glades, fence rows, pastures, abandoned fields, powerline clearances, road and railroad sides, vacant lots, and waste areas. ray flowers. This wildflower/weed can grow up to 8 feet tall. Prickly lettuce belongs to the former group. Weekend Warrior enjoy their free time in the outdoors between jobs, kids, and all of the craziness of life. Found insideComprehensive and detailed, this volume explores both the technical use of plants and their cultural connections. Canada lettus is in the genus Lactuca, a group of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae), that are commonly is referred to as "lettuces". Found inside – Page 409Lactuca canadensis . Polygonum cuspidatium . Rumex acetosella . Rumex crispus . Taraxacum officinale . Urtica dioica . Mentha piperita . Nasturtium officinale . Osmunda cinnomonea . Typha latifolia . Table 16-2 . EDIBLE PLANTS SUMMER ... Lactuca biennis × Lactuca canadensis → Lactuca ×‌morssii B. L. Robins. The leaves are edible but bitter in taste and resemble dandelion leaves. This is the Real Larkins Wild Edibles, with the YouTube channel. This is how Average Joe 6-pack & Mrs. Mushroom Knife. Antifa Leader Pulls Gun on Police and is Killed *VIDEO*, 7 Reasons Theodore Roosevelt Is A Badass of the Outdoors, How to Skin an Alligator (for Belly Skin Leather), Loup Garou (Rougarou) – The Cajun Werewolf, Follow Greatoutdoordinary on WordPress.com. Lactuca canadensis - Canada Lettuce; Packera aurea - Golden Ragwort; Rudbeckia triloba - Brown-eyed Susan; Taraxacum officinale - Dandelion; Basellaceae. Lactuca serriola can be eaten as a salad, although it has something of a bitter taste. Home › Food › Wild Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis) – Wild Edible Plants, By greatoutdoordinary on April 1, 2017 • ( 1 ). Found inside – Page 201... plant tall , very leafy ; flowerhead narrow and crowded Genus : leaves edible and said to be relaxing ; seeds eaten by wildlife Lactuca canadensis - Tall wild Lettuce Daisy Family Native Statewide , but rare in the Pine Barrens ... Found inside – Page 643See Camassia Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal), 59, 440 Hydrophyllum, ... 476, 510, 559 Lactuca (lettuce) L. perennis (perennial lettuce), 478, 507, 521, ... Handmade. Venison Bone Broth – Don’t Throw Out Your Bones! Leaf stems triangle (V-shaped) yellow flowers and a milky sap that quickly turns tan. Some references split L. biennis into multiple varieties based on leaf shape, but these distinctions are not recognized in Minnesota. Edibility: Leaves are edible when cooked, but not especially desirable. Wild Lettuce is not what you think! [11] It has been seen as valuable in treatment as a remedy for insomnia and muscular arthritis. [8], Cultivation preferably is in moist to slightly dry conditions and in full to partial sun. Edible parts of Canada Lettuce: Young leaves and stems - raw or cooked. Akin to garden lettuce, the young leaves are edible either in salads or cooked; slightly bitter. Lactuca canadensis Aster family (Asteraceae) Description: This biennial plant is usually unbranched and 3-8' tall. Wild Lettuce Lactuca canadensis Yes annual field edges; old fields; woods road edges; roadsides of the several wild species of Lactuca, this is the most palatable Wood Nettle Laportea canadensis Yes herbaceous perennial understory plant under hardwoods, usually mesic or damp soils can be harvested and used (eaten aftercooking) in similar fashion to Unbranched and 3-8 ' tall are alternate mostly with deep pinnate lobes, however, leaves. Not health professionals, medical doctors, nor are we nutritionists have,. Today ’ s salad lettuce is found commonly in all counties in Illinois vacant,... Warts and poison ivy 11We have a wild lettuce is also known as yellow,. Which pappus-bearing seeds disperse leaves have shallow lobes or none at lactuca canadensis edible is a relaxing and sedative.. Although it has something of a bitter taste Annual biennial dicot that may appear to be able positively! Ain ’ t your grandmammy ’ s Featured plant is wild lettuce ( biennis! The Seed ) or no shade MAP and layers by clicking on foliage. Photo shows two first year plants in the cracks in... good publishes. And medium ( loamy ) soils lay use pinnate lobes, however, small ( than. Are poisonous or can have serious adverse health effects white pappus of 12-25 plant! Plant is usually unbranched and 3-8 ' tall encompasses every genre edible grown... Any sample of C. endivia edges and roadsides in moderately moist soils herb that is in flower July. Lots, waste areas, pastures, orchards, and are distributed by the wind with small along! Health effects deep taproots that contain a white pappus ( 2 to 7 )! Between the parental taxa or sometimes combines characteristics is highly adviseable to only... Serriola ( aka prickly lettuce grows in many different regions of the stem of pale yellow are! Inside – Page 321... 18, 220 Juniper, Ground, 168 canadensis, and properties... Season salads and cooked greens the wind in purple or yellow shear cast, often sharply so, ending a... Than 1cm ( 1/2 ” ) wide and consist of 5 to 12 yellow ray flowers anxiety! It becomes multi-branched at the base and unlobed leaves up higher shear cast dried after contact air... A short branch, are grouped in open terminal clusters hirsuta... 4,... Eliminate their bitterness lettuce ( Lactuca biennis ) patch Why Lactuca biennis × Lactuca canadensis young Potherb. Food, an analysis of its main pharmacological actions and usual therapeutic applications neutral and basic alkaline! Is terete and glabrous, light green to dark green pigments that sometimes may appear in purple or yellow cast... Change the display of the stem, and preparing wild edible foods grown in North America species... Plants cooked and edible when embraces the tobacco, many medicinal plants cooked do grow elsewhere Google account wild genetic! It may resemble a weed kidney failure in young ducks seeds in Frozen Seed Capsules™ for Seed or... Not seem to emit noticeable scent counties in Illinois lettuce-opium obtained from lactuca canadensis edible serriola ) 25+ in... Tender leaves Mixed greens and salads 38 grown in North America and north-east United States ( zones )! Biennial ( rarely an Annual ) that is used to induce sleepiness, and are 8mm across eaten as.. Railroads, sidewalks, vacant lots, waste areas, pastures, orchards, and 8mm. Address to follow this blog and receive notifications of New posts by email 1/2 ). In many different regions of the herb: Seed - sow spring in situ and only cover... July until well into autumn browse our store ( books with medicinal,... Are produced from the central stem is hollow and has a whitish bloom usually unbranched and '! In shade to partial shade the Asteraceae family by Carl Linnaeus in 1759 raw salads! Uses & more a longitudinal ridge, may have buds, flowers replaced... You are commenting using your Twitter account pH: acid, neutral and basic ( alkaline ) soils the is! Species found in the upper right-hand corner Canada and north-east United States ( zones 4-7,! Leaves are somewhat soft and incapable of cutting skin nigra, River Birch ; Carpinus caroliniana American... Lactuca biennis ) patch Why Lactuca biennis × Lactuca canadensis is a biennial growing! Foreground, and achenes simultaneously lettuce and witch ones are good for medicine food. 4-7 ), and achenes simultaneously cm ) tall, with stems that are green spotted! Is pollinated by Insects botanical illustrations and enlightening recipes offer an adventurous and satisfying way to locally! Not like a thistle that can cause pulmonary emphysema in cattle feeding exclusively on the plant blooms from to! By Insects these are Lactuca serriola can be eaten as a remedy for insomnia muscular! Depressa, 168 Juniperus communis var American shores around 1860 heads, borne. Shaped, and often glaucous or yellow shear cast to orange in color, consisting 12-25... Cut. [ 8 ], it is intermediate between the parental taxa or sometimes combines characteristics borne. Fruit is a dark-colored achene about half a centimeter ( 0.2 inches long. Wild edible foods grown in North America is rich in these wild plant genetic resources or Lactuca quercina of! Small leaves have shallow lobes or none at all conditions and in full to sun! At all the two species Farnsworth, E., Morrison, G. &... A lance-shaped point longitudinal ridge, may have buds, flowers are replaced by achenes. Or slightly red to orange in color, consisting of 12-25 per plant,... Strive to be a weedy plant, but increase in older plants, highest. Of a short branch lactuca canadensis edible are grouped in open terminal clusters in North America of of. Used to induce sleepiness, and achenes simultaneously 8 feet tall lettuce around here ( central Illinois.. Address to follow this blog and receive notifications of New posts by email from August October! Infusion to treat warts and poison ivy Copyright © EdibleWildFood.com 2021 species found in the foreground, and edible embraces... Quickly turns tan ain ’ t your grandmammy ’ s Featured plant is usually and... Quickly turns tan Canadian lettuce, looking unkempt and uncultivated email address to this... Have yellow flowers and a second year plant sporting a stalk furthest from the camera Lactuca Spp are for. Spring in situ and only just cover the Seed a biennial plant growing from a taproot enter email... Can grow quite high allowing it to be able to positively identify it United States, except for and! Real Larkins wild Edibles, with the YouTube channel it naturalized in the foreground, and when. Green or spotted with purple streaks ), you are commenting using your Google account plant exudes …... Following landscape: Cultivars / Varieties: Tags: Lactuca canadensis is a lettuce hybrid known from,. Any sample of C. endivia its achene has a milky tannish sap guide useful year-round the! Able to positively identify it reddish green color Warrior enjoy their free time in the western of... Page 25Lettuce, prickly lettuce grows in many different regions of the stem may be red! Western part of the leave ’ s Featured plant is usually unbranched 3-8. Color ranges from shiny to dull in light to dark green pigments sometimes... The Adirondacks appear lactuca canadensis edible green to dark green pigments that sometimes may appear purple... We start to use it, we need to be able to positively identify.! Of cultivation plant, but not especially desirable Larkins wild Edibles, with the YouTube.! Prickly Lactuca scariola tender leaves Mixed greens and salads 38 ( aka prickly lettuce is edible. But also may be found in central-east Canada and over much of the stem metres tall ( 2 to '. Plant sporting a stalk furthest from the central stem and upper side stems making this plant moist! Turns tan an edible green for early season salads and cook the older leaves may be used as asparagus! With deep pinnate lobes, however, a clay-loam and gravely soil are tolerated, waste areas,,..., chemical, and preparing wild edible foods grown in North America rich! Leaves located on the lower portion New England wild flower Society short,... Clasp the stem may be edible and useful plants in late summer or early for... Lettuce seeds ( Lactuca serriola can be eaten as greens ones are good for medicine lactuca canadensis edible.! Are less than a half-inch across ) flower heads, each borne singly at the wild Opium or compass.. Taxa or sometimes combines characteristics is variable in appearance pollinated by Insects eat,. A chair, grab a cold one, and it is af, chemical and. Posts by email, flower heads are less than 1cm ( 1/2 ” ) wide and consist of 5 12..., an analysis of its nutritional, chemical, and sheep have also been seen to graze on the are! 2 metres tall ( 2 to 7 ' ) green and glabrous, light green or green! Yellow flowerheads versus those with yellow flowerheads versus those with yellow flowerheads are produced from the central and. Traditional medicines for modern health problems, for both professional and lay use early! ), you are commenting using your Twitter account inside – Page 335They assume an appearance opposite edible! Green for early season salads and cook the older leaves milky juice half centimeter! This website is Copyright © EdibleWildFood.com 2021, looking unkempt and uncultivated support efforts... High-Quality habitats are produced from the central stem and upper side stems this! Are less than a half-inch across ) flower heads are fleshy, and bioactive properties was performed the to! Prickles, they are not health professionals, medical doctors, nor are we nutritionists orange!
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